Number to Roman Numeral Converter

Roman numerals write numbers with seven letters: I (1), V (5), X (10), L (50), C (100), D (500) and M (1000). Enter any whole number from 1 to 3999 to convert it, or look it up in the Roman numerals charts below, which cover 1 to 100, the hundreds, the thousands and the years from 1990 to 2030.

Number

Roman numeral

Conversion

1994 = MCMXCIV

How it works

Roman numerals are built by combining symbols for 1000 (M), 500 (D), 100 (C), 50 (L), 10 (X), 5 (V) and 1 (I), largest first. A smaller symbol placed before a larger one subtracts instead of adds - for example IV is 4 (5 - 1), not 6.

Formula

Greedily subtract the largest matching value/symbol pair (M, CM, D, CD, C, XC, L, XL, X, IX, V, IV, I) until nothing remains.

Example. 1994 converts to MCMXCIV: M (1000) + CM (900) + XC (90) + IV (4).

Roman numerals chart: 1 to 100

Number	Roman numeral
1	I
2	II
3	III
4	IV
5	V
6	VI
7	VII
8	VIII
9	IX
10	X
11	XI
12	XII
13	XIII
14	XIV
15	XV
16	XVI
17	XVII
18	XVIII
19	XIX
20	XX
21	XXI
22	XXII
23	XXIII
24	XXIV
25	XXV

Number	Roman numeral
26	XXVI
27	XXVII
28	XXVIII
29	XXIX
30	XXX
31	XXXI
32	XXXII
33	XXXIII
34	XXXIV
35	XXXV
36	XXXVI
37	XXXVII
38	XXXVIII
39	XXXIX
40	XL
41	XLI
42	XLII
43	XLIII
44	XLIV
45	XLV
46	XLVI
47	XLVII
48	XLVIII
49	XLIX
50	L

Number	Roman numeral
51	LI
52	LII
53	LIII
54	LIV
55	LV
56	LVI
57	LVII
58	LVIII
59	LIX
60	LX
61	LXI
62	LXII
63	LXIII
64	LXIV
65	LXV
66	LXVI
67	LXVII
68	LXVIII
69	LXIX
70	LXX
71	LXXI
72	LXXII
73	LXXIII
74	LXXIV
75	LXXV

Number	Roman numeral
76	LXXVI
77	LXXVII
78	LXXVIII
79	LXXIX
80	LXXX
81	LXXXI
82	LXXXII
83	LXXXIII
84	LXXXIV
85	LXXXV
86	LXXXVI
87	LXXXVII
88	LXXXVIII
89	LXXXIX
90	XC
91	XCI
92	XCII
93	XCIII
94	XCIV
95	XCV
96	XCVI
97	XCVII
98	XCVIII
99	XCIX
100	C

Roman numerals for hundreds and thousands

Number	Roman numeral
100	C
150	CL
200	CC
250	CCL
300	CCC
350	CCCL
400	CD
450	CDL
500	D
550	DL
600	DC
650	DCL
700	DCC
750	DCCL
800	DCCC
850	DCCCL
900	CM
950	CML
1000	M
1500	MD
2000	MM
2500	MMD
3000	MMM
3500	MMMD
3999	MMMCMXCIX

Years in Roman numerals

Useful for film credits, cornerstones, tattoos and anniversary dates.

Number	Roman numeral
1990	MCMXC
1991	MCMXCI
1992	MCMXCII
1993	MCMXCIII
1994	MCMXCIV
1995	MCMXCV
1996	MCMXCVI
1997	MCMXCVII
1998	MCMXCVIII
1999	MCMXCIX
2000	MM
2001	MMI
2002	MMII
2003	MMIII
2004	MMIV
2005	MMV
2006	MMVI
2007	MMVII
2008	MMVIII
2009	MMIX
2010	MMX
2011	MMXI
2012	MMXII
2013	MMXIII
2014	MMXIV

Number	Roman numeral
2015	MMXV
2016	MMXVI
2017	MMXVII
2018	MMXVIII
2019	MMXIX
2020	MMXX
2021	MMXXI
2022	MMXXII
2023	MMXXIII
2024	MMXXIV
2025	MMXXV
2026	MMXXVI
2027	MMXXVII
2028	MMXXVIII
2029	MMXXIX
2030	MMXXX

Why the range stops at 3999

The standard symbol set has no single letter for 5000 or above, so numbers from 4000 upward need an overline notation (a bar over a letter multiplies it by 1000) that most fonts and keyboards can't render. 3999 (MMMCMXCIX) is the largest number expressible with the plain letters M, D, C, L, X, V and I.

Frequently asked questions

How do I read a Roman numeral back into a regular number?

Add the value of each symbol left to right, but subtract a symbol's value whenever a smaller one comes immediately before a larger one. For example, MCMXCIV = M(1000) + CM(900) + XC(90) + IV(4) = 1994.

Why is 4 written as IV instead of IIII?

Both have historically been used (clock faces often still show IIII), but IV became the standard subtractive form: a smaller numeral directly before a larger one means subtract rather than add.

What year is often shown in Roman numerals?

Movie copyright years and building cornerstones are the most common everyday sightings - for example a film copyrighted in 2024 would show MMXXIV.

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